Which of the following would not typically be considered application software?

Application software is designed to help the user perform specific tasks or functions. This includes programs like spreadsheet applications, word processors, and database management systems, which are all developed for end-user productivity and specific tasks—ranging from data calculations to document creation and database management.

In contrast, operating systems serve as the fundamental software layer that manages computer hardware and software resources, providing essential services for application software. They are responsible for booting the computer, managing memory, and coordinating between different applications, making them a distinct category of software that underpins and supports application software rather than functioning as application software themselves.

Thus, recognizing operating systems as not typically considered application software highlights the division between those tools that perform specific user-directed tasks and those that provide a platform for those tasks to take place. This understanding is essential in distinguishing how software is categorized within information systems.