Management Information System (MIS) Practice Exam

Which part of a computer allows the computer to run programs and perform calculations?

1. Central processing unit

2. Random-access memory

3. Microprocessor or CPU

4. Operating system

The correct answer is: Central processing unit

The central processing unit (CPU) is indeed the key component of a computer that allows it to run programs and perform calculations. The CPU serves as the brain of the computer, executing instructions and processing data. It performs arithmetic operations and logical operations essential for executing software applications. The role of the CPU includes fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and then executing them to produce results. This execution process involves performing calculations or managing data movement, which is crucial for the operational efficiency of a computer. While other components play significant roles in the overall functioning of a computer, they do not have the same primary function as the CPU in terms of executing programs. Random-access memory (RAM) temporarily stores data and program instructions that the CPU uses during processing but does not perform calculations itself. The microprocessor is commonly referred to as the central processing unit; it is essentially the physical embodiment of the CPU within the computer. The operating system, on the other hand, manages the hardware resources and provides an environment for running applications but does not execute calculations directly. Thus, focusing on the functionalities that enable performing calculations and executing programs, the central processing unit is the correct choice.